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Does environmental infrastructure investment contribute to emissions reduction? A case of China

Xiaoqian SONG, Yong GENG, Ke LI, Xi ZHANG, Fei WU, Hengyu PAN, Yiqing ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 57-70 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0654-7

摘要： Environmental infrastructure investment (EII) is an important environmental policy instrument on responding to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and air pollution. This paper employs an improved stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence and technology (STRIPAT) model by using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities for the period of 2003–2015 to investigate the effect of EII on CO emissions, SO emissions, and PM pollution. The results indicate that EII has a positive and significant effect on mitigating CO emission. However, the effect of EII on SO emission fluctuated although it still contributes to the reduction of PM pollution through technology innovations. Energy intensity has the largest impact on GHG emissions and air pollution, followed by GDP per capita and industrial structure. In addition, the effect of EII on environmental issues varies in different regions. Such findings suggest that policies on EII should be region-specific so that more appropriate mitigation policies can be raised by considering the local realities.

关键词： environmental infrastructure investment (EII) CO₂ emission SO₂ emission PM_2.5 pollution stochastic impact by regression on population affluence and technology (STIRPAT) model governance

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Multi-objective dynamic optimization model for China’s road transport energy technology switching

Dan GAO , Zheng LI , Feng FU , Linwei MA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 247-253 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0048-3

摘要： Deducting the future switching of the road transport energy technology is one of the key preconditions for relative technology development planning. However, one of the difficulties is to address the issue of multi-objective and conflicting constrains, e.g., minimizing the climate mitigation or minimizing economic cost. In this paper, a dynamic optimization model was established, which can be used to analyze the road transport energy technology switching under multi-objective constrains. Through one case study, a series of solutions could be derived to provide decision-makers with the flexibility to choose the appropriate solution with respect to the given situation.

关键词： technology switching transport energy system multi-objective CO₂ mitigation

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Review of fluid and control technology of hydraulic wind turbines

Maolin CAI, Yixuan WANG, Zongxia JIAO, Yan SHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 312-320 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0433-2

摘要：

This study examines the development of the fluid and control technology of hydraulic wind turbines. The current state of hydraulic wind turbines as a new technology is described, and its basic fluid model and typical control method are expounded by comparing various study results. Finally, the advantages of hydraulic wind turbines are enumerated. Hydraulic wind turbines are expected to become the main development direction of wind turbines.

关键词： wind turbine hydraulic system fluid model control technology

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Science and Technology Backyard model: implications for sustainable agriculture in Africa

Xiaoqiang JIAO, Derara Sori FEYISA, Jasper KANOMANYANGA, Ngula David MUTTENDANGO, Shingirai MUDARE, Amadou NDIAYE, Bilisuma KABETO, Felix Dapare DAKORA, Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 390-400 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020360

摘要： Sustainable food production to feed the growing population in Africa remains a major challenge. Africa has 64% of the global arable land but produces less than 10% of its food locally due to its inherently low soil nutrient concentrations. Poor soil fertility and a lack of fertilizer use are the major constraints to increasing crop yields in Africa. On average only about 8.8 kg NPK fertilizer is applied per hectare by African smallholder farmers. There is therefore considerable potential for increasing food production through sustainable intensification of the cropping systems. The low crop yields in Africa are also partly due to limited farmer access to modern agronomic techniques, including improved crop varieties, a lack of financial resources, and the absence of mechanisms for dissemination of information to smallholders. This study analyzed the Science and Technology Backyards (STBs) model and investigated its use for the transformation of agriculture in Africa. Some key lessons for sustainable crop intensification in Africa can be found from analysis of the STB model which is well established in China. These include (1) scientist-farmer engagement to develop adaptive and innovative technology for sustainable crop production, (2) dissemination of technology by empowering smallholders, especially leading farmers, and (3) the development of an open platform for multiple resource involvement rather than relying on a single mechanism. This review evaluates the benefits of the STB model used in China for adoption to increase agricultural productivity in Africa, with a perspective on sustainable crop intensification on the continent.

关键词： sustainable agriculture Africa smallholder Science and Technology Backyards

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An integrated model for structure optimization and technology screening of urban wastewater systems

Yue HUANG,Xin DONG,Siyu ZENG,Jining CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第6期页码 1036-1048 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0792-z

摘要： The conventional approach to wastewater system design and planning considers each component separately and does not provide the optimum performance of the entire system. However, the growing concern for environmental protection, economic efficiency, and sustainability of urban wastewater systems requires an integrated modeling of subsystems and a synthetic evaluation of multiple objectives. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model of an integrated urban wastewater system was developed. The model encompasses subsystems, such as a sewer system, stormwater management, municipal wastewater treatment, and a wastewater reclamation system. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was used to generate a range of system design possibilities to optimize conflicting environmental and economic objectives. Information from a knowledge base, which included rules for generating treatment trains as well as the performance characteristics of commonly used water pollution control measures, was utilized. The trade-off relationships between the objectives, total water pollution loads to the environment, and life cycle costs (which consist of investment as well as operation and maintenance costs), can be illustrated using Pareto charts. The developed model can be used to assist decision makers in the preliminary planning of system structure. A benchmark city was constructed to illustrate the methods of multi-objective controls, highlight cost-effective water pollution control measures, and identify the main pressures on urban water environment.

关键词： urban wastewater system integrated modeling multi-objective optimization non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II)

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Modular architecture model of CSCD system

Hongxue XU, Hong ZHENG, Xiuying GUO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 470-475 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0119-5

摘要： A modular architecture model of a computer-supported collaborative design (CSCD) system is proposed on the basis of the hierarchical structure characteristics of a distributed collaborative design system and advanced component object technology. The model mainly regards the module as the core organizing and managing design objects and uses the common object request broker architecture (CORBA) specifications as an interactive platform to achieve object communication. The browser/server computing model deals with the remote heterogeneous collaborative design problem. Product design strategies and mechanisms for collaborative design are separated to facilitate the application of distributed collaborative design environment for quick implementation. The open design framework for CSCD system developers can support the implementation of distributed collaborative design to improve product design speed and reduce product development time. The modular CSCD system (MCSCDS) model and its implementation are achieved in the modular CSCD, a prototype system.

关键词： computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) computer-supported collaborative design (CSCD) distributed system component object technology modular architecture model

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Exploring price effects on the residential water conservation technology diffusion process: a case study

Junying CHU, Hao WANG, Can WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 688-698 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0559-3

摘要： Reforms of the water pricing management system and the establishment of a flexible water pricing system are significant for cities in northern China to tackle their critical water issues. The WATAP (Water conservation Technology Adoption Processes) model is developed in order to capture the water conservation technology adoption process under different price scenarios with disaggregate water demands down to the end use level. This model is explicitly characterized by the technological selection process under maximum marginal benefit assumption by different categories of households. In particular, when households need to purchase water devices in the provision market with the consideration of complex factors such as the life span, investment and operating costs of the device, as well as the regulated water price by the government. Applied to Tianjin city, four scenarios of water price evolutions for a long-term perspective (from year 2011 to 2030) are considered, including BAU (Business As Usual), SP1 (Scenario of Price increase with constant annual rate), SP2 (Scenario of Price increase every four years) and SP3 (Scenario of Price increase with affordable constraint), considering many factors such as historic trends, affordability and incentives for conservation. Results show that on aggregate 2.3%, 11.0% and 18.2% of fresh water can be saved in the residential sector in scenario SP1, SP2 and SP3, respectively, compared with the BAU scenario in the year 2030. The water price signals can change the market shares of different water appliances, as well as the water end use structure of households, and ultimately improve water use efficiency. The WATAP model may potentially be a helpful tool to provide insights for policy makers on water conservation technology policy analysis and assessment.

关键词： technology selection model optimization water price scenario analysis consumer behavior

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A brief review of genome editing technology for generating animal models

Haoyi WANG, Sen WU, Mario R. CAPECCHI, Rudolf JAENISCH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 123-128 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019309

摘要：

The recent development of genome editing technologies has given researchers unprecedented power to alter DNA sequences at chosen genomic loci, thereby generating various genetically edited animal models. This mini-review briefly summarizes the development of major genome editing tools, focusing on the application of these tools to generate animal models in multiple species.

关键词： animal model CRISPR genome editing TALEN ZFN

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新一代人工智能引领下的制造业新模式与新业态研究

“新一代人工智能引领下的制造业新模式新业态研究”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第4期页码 66-72 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.011

摘要：

在新一代人工智能技术引领下，制造业的生产技术、组织方式、竞争策略等，都将面临重大调整，为制造业新模式与新业态的形成提供了可能。受新一代人工智能技术驱动，制造业实践中不断涌现由服务而产生的新模式新业态是本课题的研究核心。课题重点围绕由开展智能服务而产生的新模式和新业态进行研究，分析了在人工智能技术引领下，制造业的模式与业态的演进趋势，新模式与新业态的典型类型，支撑性、关键性技术；提出了新模式与新业态的发展方针、目标与途径。根据我国工业领域的发展基础与现状，选择远程运维服务和规模定制服务作为突破，提出两大业务模式在相关领域的发展方向以及发展目标，并提出相关政策建议。

关键词：人工智能制造业新模式新业态

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Rapid evaluation technology for CNC machine tool slide level based on built-in sensors

Yuqing ZHOU, Xuesong MEI, Gedong JIANG, Nuogang SUN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 79-86 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0070-5

摘要： Slide level impacts the CNC machine tool performance. The deterioration of slide level will result in the torsional vibration of a feed-axis control system and lower the CNC machine tool control precision. It is necessary to investigate the rapid evaluation technology for the slide level of a CNC machine tool. In this paper, a new type of rapid evaluation method for machine tool slide level is proposed, which uses the linear scale, motor encoder, and AC servo motor current/output torque. To acquire level information, the built-in sensors test principle is profoundly investigated, and the mathematical model between the slide level and the measured data is established. In addition, two different level identification methods are comparatively analyzed. The analysis results of experiments show that it is simple, rapid, feasible, and reliable to use built-in sensors information for evaluating slide level.

关键词： slide level built-in sensors Stribeck effect model identification

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Construction Technology of Off-Site Precast Concrete Buildings

Ting Gong,Jian Yang,Hao Hu,Feng Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 122-124 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015039

摘要： The industrialization of building construction is gradually becoming a new choice of construction technology driven by some great advantages such as high efficiency in construction, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. Construction management plays an important part to ensure the quality of projects. A comparison between traditional on-site and modern off-site construction methods has been conducted. The streamlining of the process including the fabrication, transportation, stacking and assembling of precast components has also been analyzed with a discussion on the BIM application in the process.

关键词： off-site construction precast concrete modular construction construction management building information model (BIM)

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The impacts of economic restructuring and technology upgrade on air quality and human health in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

Chao Liu, Hancheng Dai, Lin Zhang, Changchun Feng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1155-y

摘要： Impacts of industrial restructuring and upgrade on air quality & health are assessed. An integrated approach combining different models is used for the assessment. Industrial technology upgrading is more effective than economic restructuring. Ozone is much more difficult to mitigate than PM2.5. In this study, we have analyzed possible policy options to improve the air quality in an industrialized region—Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (BTH) in China. A comprehensive model framework integrating GAINS-China, GEOS-Chem, and IMED/HEL is established to investigate the impacts of various policies on air pollution and health effects. The model establishes a data interface between economic input/output data and the emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants in the BTH region. Based on in-depth analyses of pollutant emission standards, industrial structure, pollution-intensive industries, and emission intensities in BTH and Pearl River Delta, several scenarios are constructed to explore the effectiveness of policy pathways in improving air quality in the BTH region. These scenarios include two categories: the category of “Industrial Technology Upgrade Policy” scenarios that focuses on reducing the emission intensity of industries vs. that of “Industrial Structure Adjustment Policy” scenarios that focuses on adjusting the proportion of industrial value-added. Our results show that the policy path of industrial technology upgrading can be effective and feasible, while economic structure adjustment shows complex and mixed effectiveness. We also find that the proposed policies and measures will be efficient to reduce pollution of primary pollutants and fine particles, but may not effectively mitigate ambient ozone pollution. Ozone pollution is projected to become increasingly severe in BTH, placing a challenge to pollution mitigation strategies that requires further adjustments to address it.

关键词： Economic restructuring Cleaner production Ambient air pollution Health benefits IMED model

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我国交通运输行业物联网技术应用模式研究

周堂,赖明勇

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第7期页码 103-108

摘要：

分析了物联网（the internet of things,IOT）技术的优势及交通运输行业发展趋势，在此基础上，研究物联网与交通运输领域的结合之处并给出了交通运输物联网定义。针对传统的交通运输智能化发展过程中遇到的诸多问题，提出了未来交通物联网发展模式。通过对比研究证实了信息到功能的信息利用模式的优势，该模式提出基于统一前端信息采集以实现真正的互联互通，它能极大节省技术推广成本、挖掘信息潜在价值，促进可持续的信息服务市场形成和行业升级。

关键词：物联网智能交通系统传感网交通运输物联网应用模式

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采用分布式光纤传感技术的土坝模型渗漏监测分析

朱萍玉,蒋桂林,冷元宝

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第3期页码 82-85

摘要：

建立了采用分布式光纤传感技术的模拟堤坝渗漏监测系统，用来人工模拟土坝渗漏，并得到该种情况下测试光纤长度上的应变图，验证了采用分布式光纤传感技术监测土坝的可行性；运用ANSYS软件建立与试验模型相对应的有限元分析模型，通过选择合适单元，简化边界条件，对一定的工况进行加载分析，得出载荷与应变的关系，以及载荷与塌陷土层重量的关系。文中方法和结论有助于进一步定量研究土坝渗漏大小程度和光纤传感器的合适埋设深度。

关键词：光纤传感技术土坝模型监测应变 ANSYS

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Impact of “ultra low emission” technology of coal-fired power on PM

Xiao LIU, Zhilin LIU, Weidong JIAO, Xuan LI, Jintai LIN, Anthony KU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 235-239 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0518-y

摘要： In response to severe haze pollution, the Chinese government has announced a series of policies focusing on controlling emissions from coal consumption. “Ultra-low emission” (ULE) technologies have the potential to dramatically reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants, and have been deployed at some facilities in recent years. This paper estimated the potential environmental benefits of the widespread adoption of ULE in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region. Atmospheric modeling scenarios were analyzed for three cases: a “standard” scenario assuming no ULE deployment, a “best case” scenario assuming complete adoption of ULE across all power plants in the region, and a “natural gas” scenario, assuming emissions factors consistent with natural gas-fired power generation. The simulations show that the widespread adoption of ULE technologies can be an effective and economically competitive option for reducing the impacts of coal-fired power generation on air quality.

关键词： air quality atmospheric model coal Jing-Jin-Ji Region PM_2.5 ultra-low emissions

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标题作者时间类型操作

Does environmental infrastructure investment contribute to emissions reduction? A case of China

Xiaoqian SONG, Yong GENG, Ke LI, Xi ZHANG, Fei WU, Hengyu PAN, Yiqing ZHANG

期刊论文

Multi-objective dynamic optimization model for China’s road transport energy technology switching

Dan GAO , Zheng LI , Feng FU , Linwei MA

期刊论文

Review of fluid and control technology of hydraulic wind turbines

Maolin CAI, Yixuan WANG, Zongxia JIAO, Yan SHI

期刊论文

Science and Technology Backyard model: implications for sustainable agriculture in Africa

Xiaoqiang JIAO, Derara Sori FEYISA, Jasper KANOMANYANGA, Ngula David MUTTENDANGO, Shingirai MUDARE, Amadou NDIAYE, Bilisuma KABETO, Felix Dapare DAKORA, Fusuo ZHANG

期刊论文

An integrated model for structure optimization and technology screening of urban wastewater systems

Yue HUANG,Xin DONG,Siyu ZENG,Jining CHEN

期刊论文

Modular architecture model of CSCD system

Hongxue XU, Hong ZHENG, Xiuying GUO

期刊论文

Exploring price effects on the residential water conservation technology diffusion process: a case study

Junying CHU, Hao WANG, Can WANG

期刊论文

A brief review of genome editing technology for generating animal models

Haoyi WANG, Sen WU, Mario R. CAPECCHI, Rudolf JAENISCH